Psychology●●●●●Difficulty 5 of 5

Which classic social psychology findings survived being repeated?

Some famous experiments held up under repetition, some held up with a catch, and some collapsed. Here is the scorecard.

▶ Start the story

It depends on the finding, and "survived" can mean different things. Start with the baseline that the replication-crisis lesson described: in the 2015 Reproducibility Project, social psychology fared worse than cognitive psychology, with 25 percent of its studies replicating against 50 percent. Finding by finding, the famous results of this path fall into four bins.

Reproducibility Project: share of studies that replicated

Bar chart: Reproducibility Project: share of studies that replicated. (%)
Replicated
Social psychology25%
Cognitive psychology50%
Replication rates by field in the 2015 Reproducibility Project.

Held, with a catch. Milgram's obedience study was rerun in 2009 with ethical changes, stopping at 150 volts, and found obedience rates virtually identical to the original. The bystander experiments produced one of the strongest and most replicable effects in social psychology, yet real surveillance videos of public conflicts show that in over 90 percent of them at least one bystander stepped in. Asch-style conformity keeps appearing, but its level varies with culture and has declined over time in the United States.

Held. A 2009 brain-imaging study replicated the basic findings behind cognitive dissonance, and a 2020 study replicated Cialdini's door-in-the-face experiment.

Did not hold. Two direct replications in the early 2010s failed to reproduce Bargh's "elderly-walking" priming study, and in 2022 Daniel Kahneman called behavioural priming research "effectively dead". Large multi-lab replications in 2016 and after found no ego depletion. Power posing kept its effect on felt power but not on hormones or behaviour.

Disputed. The Stanford prison experiment's story about roles was challenged by the 2002 BBC Prison Study, though in 2018 Zimbardo, Reicher and Haslam jointly called both experiments valid. Groupthink has only partial support.

The scorecard

Held (some with a catch)

  • Dissonance (2009 imaging), door-in-the-face (2020)
  • Robbers Cave rivalry (repeated in Beirut)
  • Milgram obedience (2009, stopped at 150 V)
  • Bystander effect in the lab (but 90% intervene on camera)
  • Asch conformity (varies by culture, declining in the US)

Did not hold, or disputed

  • Elderly-walking priming (did not hold)
  • Ego depletion (did not hold)
  • Power posing hormones and behaviour (did not hold)
  • Pen-in-mouth, Stanford roles, groupthink (disputed)

Quiz me

0/3

  1. 1.What did the 2015 Reproducibility Project find about social psychology compared with cognitive psychology?
  2. 2.Which finding from this path was replicated with an ethically modified protocol and found virtually identical rates?
  3. 3.Why can the bystander effect be both 'highly replicable' and still misleading?

Recap

A finding can replicate in one form and fail in another: in the lab but not on camera, for feelings but not for hormones.

💡 A trick to remember it · Four bins: held, held with a catch, did not hold, still argued over.

Surprising fact · Burger's 2009 Milgram replication found obedience rates virtually identical to the 1960s, even though it stopped at 150 volts.

Sources (14)

No source, no claim. Every fact in this lesson (16 claims) cites at least one of these.

  1. [1]Replication crisis · Wikipedia
  2. [2]Conformity · Wikipedia
  3. [3]Milgram experiment · Wikipedia
  4. [4]Bystander effect · Wikipedia
  5. [5]Cognitive dissonance · Wikipedia
  6. [6]Door-in-the-face technique · Wikipedia
  7. [7]Priming (psychology) · Wikipedia
  8. [8]Ego depletion · Wikipedia
  9. [9]Power posing · Wikipedia
  10. [10]Facial feedback hypothesis · Wikipedia
  11. [11]Realistic conflict theory · Wikipedia
  12. [12]Groupthink · Wikipedia
  13. [13]BBC Prison Study · Wikipedia
  14. [14]Stanford prison experiment · Wikipedia
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